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AAfter
the Civil War, the movement
of women's suffrage increased. This occured after attempts
for women to equally take part in reforms such as temperance were
slighted. This caused many women including Sarah and Angelina Grimke,
Abby Kelly, and Lucretia Mott to begin to speak out for women's
rights.
EEeInitially, the focus of women's
rights was not suffrage but rather on changes in women's social,
legal, and educational status. The adoption of the 14th
and 15th Amendments came as a disappointment to feminists because
they only gave black men rights of citizenship, rather than declaring
universal suffrage. Because of this, the women's rights movement
was divided about whether or not support the 15th Amendment. The
views of the separate groups were further defined when two different
groups were formed in 1869. The National Woman Suffrage Association
(NWSA) which opposed the Fifteenth Amendment, but called for a Sixteenth
Amendment that would give women their rights as citizen's of
the United States and headed by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan
B. Anthony and women solely. It gave the reforms for women's
rights a immoderate tone.
uuu Another movement known as the
American Women Suffrage Movement (AWSA) supported the 15th Amendment
but supported women's suffrage as well. This organization led
by Lucy Stone her husband, Henry Blackwell, Mary Livermore, Julia
Ward Howe, Henry Ward Beecher, Antoinette Brown Blackwell, Thomas
Wentworth Higginson and others, tried to take the immoderate tone,
mentioned above, away and make this idea of women's suffrage
more traditional.
uuuAlthough most eastern states were
completely against the idea of women suffrage, the western territories
of America showed their support for women's rights by giving
them rights to vote. Wyoming, which gave the women the right to
vote in 1869, was not pleased when it seemed that Congress would
not accept their request to join the Union unless they took away
women's suffrage. In response, the legislature simply said,
"we will remain out of the Union a hundred years rather than
come in without the women." Soon Wyoming, as well as 3 other
territories that had granted suffrage rights to women, Colorado,
Idaho, and Utah were admitted into the Union. But it did not end
there. Washington, California, Oregon, Kansas, and Arizona granted
women's suffrage in he nineteenth century. Women's suffrage
leaders soon combined efforts with antislavery activists.
uuuMany black women supported the
suffrage movement. Some famous black suffragist include Ida B. Wells-Barnett,
Mary Church Terrell, and Adella Hunt Logan. After a long battle
and journey, the 19th Amendent, which granted women the right to
vote, was ratified and officially added to the United States Constitution
on August 26, 1920.
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Ida B. Wells life
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